Non Specific Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vague Topics - Essay Example In foreseen swelling, genuine expansion will be essentially above desires or well beneath. This will bring about misfortunes in livelihoods, and salary and riches is redistributed starting with one society bunch then onto the next. Family units can switch reserve funds into stores for higher ostensible rates in foreseen swelling. Organizations will correct costs and moneylenders alter paces of premium. Both of this swelling will influence the economy. Modern approach is a monetary program that is government supported where open and private segments join endeavors to concoct mechanical and mechanical advancements. The administration gives the capital and monetary help to the private area. Industry strategy improves collaboration between banks, governments, workers, and private undertakings for reinforcing the national economy. Industry arrangement will concentrate on positive components. It will concentrate on advancement, to think of better and viable strategies for creation and business as the item. Modern strategy has clear objectives on the short and long haul. These objectives are to be cultivated through institutional structures set up by the business arrangements. Industry approach will likewise have their shortcomings incorporating its inconsistency with macroeconomic strategies. There will likewise be lacks in the foundation framework. Modern approach will now and again be garbled with monetary instruments. The theory of consistent losses is a standard of short run creation. It expresses that as a firm will keep joining a greater amount of an information that is variable with an information that is fixed the minor result of the info variable will decrease in the long run. The measure of yield per specialist and capital per laborer relationship is the per-specialist creation work. In the per-specialist creation work, there will be where there are expanding benefits regardless of the contribution by the laborers. The yield increments at an expanding rate. It will do as such up

Pain Under the Left Breast Is It a Heart Attack

Torment Under the Left Breast Is It a Heart Attack SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Torment under your left bosom or rib pen can be extremely startling, particularly if you’re stressed you may be having a coronary episode or other health related crisis. In any case, most instances of chest torment under the left bosom and rib confine territory are brought about by benevolent or effectively treatable conditions. In this choice guide, we’ll first assist you with deciding whether your chest agony could be a crisis. At that point, we’ll audit various types of chest torment under the left bosom, the potential causes, and how you should address the issue. Chest Pain Under Left Breast: Is It an Emergency? You may think: chest torment under my left bosom? Time to call the ER! In any case, on the off chance that you have torment under your left rib confine, it's improbable, however conceivable, that you are encountering a heart crisis. The principle stress individuals have when encountering torment under the left rib confine is that they are having a respiratory failure. While a coronary episode won’t consistently have similar side effects, here are a few signs your agony under the left rib pen could be respiratory failure related: The torment from a respiratory failure (or myocardial dead tissue) is regularly not sharp or limited. Rather, it can want to pulverize, consuming, crushing, or snugness profound inside the chest. It is additionally normally spread over a wide territory of the chest (and possibly the arms, neck, and upper back). All in all, you can't diminish the torment by evolving positions, breathing, extending, and so forth. The torment normally increments bit by bit more than a few minutes. Here are some other potential side effects of a cardiovascular failure: Unexpected beginning retching or queasiness Perspiring or flushing Dazedness, weakness, or disarray Brevity of breath Shivering, deadness, shortcoming in arms Fever On the off chance that you presume a coronary episode, call 911 or go to the crisis room. Know that while your essential concern might be a respiratory failure, there are some other health related crises that can likewise cause chest torment under the left bosom. We’ll quickly go over these here. Aspiratory embolism: A pneumonic embolism happens when a blood coagulation gets stopped in one of the conduits of the lungs, regularly going from some place in the legs. Significant clumps can be dangerous. These are the side effects: Brevity of breath (fundamental side effect) Sharp chest torment under the left bosom (or right bosom if the coagulation is on the correct side) that stretches out into the arm, shoulder, neck, or potentially jaw and deteriorates with breathing, hacking, or effort Fever, perspiring Wooziness, blacking out, dazedness Heart palpitations Hacking up blood or bleeding sputum Torment or growing in the leg (commonly the calf) Pneumothorax: A pneumothorax, or a crumbled lung, can be brought about by lung sickness or chest injury, yet it can likewise happen clearly unexpectedly. While a little pneumothorax may leave all alone, a serious pneumothorax can repress the progression of blood through the chest and be dangerous. The principle manifestations are: Unexpected, sharp chest torment on one side of the body Brevity of breath On the off chance that you think any about the above crisis circumstances may concern you, look for clinical consideration right away. Next, here are a few signs that you are likely not having a coronary episode: You’re feeling a cutting, sharp torment under the left bosom You can pinpoint the area where the agony is coming from Agony increments from breathing or hacking Agony travels every which way in abrupt, stunning wounds Chest torment improves with work out Torment follows eating zesty or substantial nourishments; you may likewise have a sharp preference for your mouth Changing positions diminishes the agony Note that a portion of these manifestations might be brought about by constant cardiovascular conditions. So in the event that you are encountering torment under the left rib confine, you should make an arrangement to see your essential consideration doctor to get looked at despite the fact that you in all probability don’t need to go to the crisis room. Surly specialist will see you now. Kinds of Pain Under Left Rib Cage Regardless of whether you feel sure it’s not a crisis, you likely need to comprehend what could be causing chest torment under your left bosom. The principal thing you’ll need to consider is the thing that kind of inconvenience you’re feeling. Is it accurate to say that you are feeling sharp agony under the left rib confine? Dull agony under the left bosom? A cutting or consuming sensation? The kind of torment you are feeling on the left half of your chest can assist you with narrowing down the potential causes, since chest torment under the left bosom can be brought about by a wide exhibit of hidden grumblings. Likewise consider the beginning of your side effects. Was the agony gone before by physical movement? Stress? A Big feast? These sorts of inquiries will assist you with making sense of what your agony may be brought about by. Here’s a table portraying various sorts of chest torment under the left rib enclosure and some potential conditions on the right. Snap on a condition to be taken to a more top to bottom portrayal of that condition. Sort of Chest Pain Potential Conditions Sharp/cutting; more terrible with relaxing Wounded rib Costochondritis Pleurisy Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulled chest muscle Pneumonic embolism Sharp/cutting; not more terrible with relaxing Angina (particularly in ladies) Mitral valve prolapse Myocarditis Fit of anxiety Pericarditis Agony joined by awkward impression of weight, snugness, or crushing Angina Aortic valve stenosis Asthma Coronary supply route ailment Respiratory failure Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Extreme frailty Myocarditis Pericarditis Pneumonic hypertension Agony restricted to a particular zone; delicate to pressure Wounded rib Costochondritis Pulled chest muscle Shingles Consuming chest torment Indigestion/GERD Angina Aortic valve stenosis Coronary supply route ailment Respiratory failure Peptic ulcer Heart Causes of Chest Pain In this segment, we’ll center around reasons for chest torment under the left bosom related with the heart. While distress because of coronary illness frequently shows as a dull agony under the left bosom that feels like awkward weight, it can likewise be a consuming or in any event, agonizing feeling relying upon the condition. Conditions are recorded one after another in order. Angina Angina alludes to the uneasiness caused when your heart muscle isn’t getting enough oxygen. It is regularly brought about by a limited or blocked coronary supply route because of plaque development and is an admonition indication of coronary illness. Sort of Chest Pain: Uncomfortable sentiment of crushing or weight; may transmit all through the chest area to the shoulders, arms, neck/jaw, and back. Can in some cases additionally feel like acid reflux/indigestion. Agony normally goes back and forth and is frequently exacerbated by effort. Ladies may likewise encounter angina as a sharp chest torment under the left bosom or breastbone. Different Symptoms: Brevity of breath Perspiring Tipsiness Angina indications might be distinctive in ladies than in men. Notwithstanding chest torment and furthermore indications, a lady may likewise feel: Sickness and spewing Stomach torment Activities: The agony of angina may feel fundamentally the same as that of a cardiovascular failure, and regularly sends individuals to the crisis room (best to be as cautious as possible!). In any case, it’s really an admonition indication of coronary illness. Your primary care physician will most likely prescribe drug to help augment the corridors, just as way of life changes. You may likewise require a technique like stenting or, in genuine cases, coronary conduit sidestep medical procedure. Aortic Valve Stenosis Aortic valve stenosis alludes to the narrowing of the aortic valve (the valve that permits oxygen-rich blood to spill out of the heart into the aorta). The narrowing of the valve makes the heart need to work more diligently, possibly prompting inevitable cardiovascular breakdown. Aortic valve stenosis can be inborn or it can brought about by disease or calcium stores that structure as you age. Sort of Chest Pain: Pressure or snugness. May likewise want to consume. Can emanate to the arms, shoulders, and neck. Different Symptoms: Minor stenosis commonly has no indications. In the event that stenosis turns out to be increasingly extreme, chest torment on the left side under the bosom and the accompanying extra indications may show up: Tipsiness/swooning Sporadic heartbeat Exhaustion and brevity of breath Activities: Minor aortic valve stenosis will be observed by a doctor, who may prescribe way of life changes to help secure your heart. Extreme stenosis may require valve substitution, an open-heart medical procedure. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Coronary corridor sickness happens when plaque develops in the dividers of the supply routes that carry blood to the heart. This makes the supply routes thin, which cutoff points blood stream to the heart and denies the core of oxygen. This can prompt cardiovascular failures and cardiovascular breakdown. It is the most widely recognized sort of coronary illness and the most well-known reason for death for the two people in the United States. It is ordinarily identified with way of life factors like smoking, absence of physical action, and undesirable eating regimen. Sort of Chest Pain: Pressure or crushing chest torment; may likewise want to consume. May emanate to one side shoulder, the arms, back, jaw, and neck. Physical effort or stress frequently triggers the torment. Different Symptoms: Brevity of breath Unpredictable heartbeat Sickness Exhaustion Wooziness Shortcoming Activities: CAD has genuine results whenever left untreated. Be that as it may, danger of complexities can be brought down drastically through way of life changes and drug. Medical procedure may likewise be expected to clear plaque from the veins and reestablish blood stream to the heart. Mmmm, the sweet taste of way of life changes. Coronary episode (Myocardial Infarction) A coronary episode happens when one of the conduits in the heart turns out to be totally blocked, denying some portion of the core of oxygen. Sort of Chest Pain: As referenced over, the torment from a respiratory failure normally feels like a devastating, consuming, crushing, or snugness in the chest. It might emanate all through the upp

Free Essays on To Kill A Mocking Bird

To Kill a Mocking Bird happens in the 1930’s, directly in the center of the downturn. It is set in a humble community in Alabama called Maycomb. Maycomb, as most little southern towns, has an issue with across the board prejudice toward Negroes. The play centers around one family, the Finches. In the family there are three individuals, Scout, Jem and Atticus. Atticus is a legal advisor and is shielding an African American man in court (Tom Robinson), something that was not regularly done in the south because of prejudice. Numerous individuals feel undermined by this and feel extremely angry toward Atticus. All through the play all the individuals from the Finches and numerous others show mental fortitude in their endeavors to support what they have faith in. In the start of the play we meet Scout. Scout is a vivacious minimal multi year old. She despite everything has her blamelessness and has not yet had the option to comprehend why there is racial separation or detest. Scout gets distraught when a portion of her cohorts make statements about her dad, Atticus Finch. A significant number of her cohorts consider Atticus a nigger sweetheart. Being just six Scout doesn't have a clue how to deal with her self so she gets into a great deal of battles. On the day that Tom Robinson was moved to the Maycomb prison to anticipate his preliminary, Atticus went out to proceed to sit outside of the prison to look out for Tom to ensure that nothing transpires. Scout, Jem and Dill tailed him there to ensure that nothing transpired. Unexpectedly a few vehicles pulled up at the prison. A crowd escaped the vehicles and requested that Atticus move to one side with the goal that they could get at Tom. Scared the youngsters came rushing to Atticus' side and inquired as to whether everything was alright. Atticus instructed them to return home, yet they cannot. Out of nowhere, Scout saw a man that she knew, Mr. Cunningham. She said hello to him, twice before he recognized her. She started asking him inquiries about his entailments and discussing Walter, his child. From the start he didn't utter a word, Scout was anxious about the possibility that that she had done somethin... Free Essays on To Kill A Mocking Bird Free Essays on To Kill A Mocking Bird Harper Lee composed an unprecedented novel, depicting life and the manner in which we are as individuals in the public arena. Her book set a model for all individuals to learn off of. Lee’s tale that was clench hand distributed in 1960, was a gigantic achievement. The book was such an unrest it was later made into a film. The book was granted the Pulitzer Prize, and the film was certify with an Academy Award for Gregory Peck as Best Male on-screen character. The epic and the book were similarly credited in grants and prizes. I think the book was the better of the two since it had more noteworthy detail and increasingly powerful characters. The epic ran a long and point by point form of the town, and the town’s individuals. The book gives an inside and out ganders at the town’s people’s sees, and their ways. All the characters have a multifaceted impact of a monster puzzle. This mosaic of individuals drives the town to be how they are. In the film, a considerable lot of the characters are forgotten about and on the off chance that they do show up they have extremely little jobs that are not as affecting as in the novel. The film forgets about some other significant scenes. One of such is where Scout and Dill leave the town hall and start conversing with Dolphus Raymond. Scout discovers that Mr. Raymond isn't what the network portrays him as He seems, by all accounts, to be a heavy drinker. He just fakes a drinking issue to evade the network into accepting that is the purpose behind his ways. He presently associates with the dark network. He does this to get away from the murmurs and gossipy tidbits about the town’s individuals. In the town he was known for his wedding fiasco. His fiancã ©e had ended it all on their big day. He has not grappled with this yet and can't deal with the gazes of the Individuals of Maycomb. Scout discovers that individuals can over perform things. Another scene change from the film to the novel happens in the books scene were Bob Ewell spits on Atticus. In the novel Atticus is leaving the mail station when Bob approaches him and spits ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mocking Bird Characters Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch She portrays the story depicting her life between the ages of six and nine. She is a boyish girl and accomplished, principally because of her dad, and she has a hopeful perspective on the world and individuals around her. She lives with her bereft dad, more seasoned sibling and their dark cook. Atticus Finch Scout’s father is a legal advisor in Maycomb and is slipped from an all around regarded nearby family. He has needed to bring up his youngsters alone and has ingrained in them a solid feeling of ethical quality and reasonable play. During the 1930’s there were extraordinary issues between the races, and he was one of only a handful hardly any dedicated to achieving uniformity for the two blacks and whites. He consents to protect a neighborhood dark man accused of assault which uncovering himself and his family to outrage from the white network. Jeremy Atticus ‘Jem’ Finch Scout’s sibling is four years her senior, yet is her consistent companion toward the start of the story. Towards the finish of the story he moves into pre-adulthood and is shaken seriously by the insidiousness and foul play, which he observers during the preliminary of Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson A dark tenant farmer who is blamed for assault of a white lady, an individual from the Ewell tribe. Calpurnia The old family cook of the Finch family, she is a harsh drill sergeant and gives a connection between the white universe of the kids and her own dark network. Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley A hermit who has never walked outside his home for a long time who turns into a wellspring of interest for the kids, adding fuel to their ripe minds. He just shows up once during the novel, yet this is an essential scene in the book. Charles Baker ‘Dill’ Harris He is the Finch children’s summer neighbor living with his auntie Miss Rachel Haverford. He is a little kid overflowing with certainty and a functioning creative mind. He drives the other two in their rounds of pretend and is engrossed with discovering progressively about Boo Radley. Mi... Free Essays on To Kill A Mocking Bird To Kill a Mocking Bird happens in the 1930’s, directly in the center of the downturn. It is set in an unassuming community in Alabama called Maycomb. Maycomb, as most little southern towns, has an issue with across the board prejudice toward Negroes. The play centers around one family, the Finches. In the family there are three individuals, Scout, Jem and Atticus. Atticus is a legal counselor and is guarding an African American man in court (Tom Robinson), something that was not regularly done in the south because of bigotry. Numerous individuals feel compromised by this and feel angry toward Atticus. All through the play all the individuals from the Finches and numerous others show fearlessness in their endeavors to go to bat for what they have confidence in. In the start of the play we meet Scout. Scout is a lively minimal multi year old. She despite everything has her blamelessness and has not yet had the option to comprehend why there is racial segregation or abhor. Scout gets distraught when a portion of her cohorts make statements about her dad, Atticus Finch. A significant number of her colleagues consider Atticus a nigger sweetheart. Being just six Scout doesn't have the foggiest idea how to deal with her self so she gets into a ton of battles. On the day that Tom Robinson was moved to the Maycomb prison to anticipate his preliminary, Atticus went out to proceed to sit outside of the prison to look out for Tom to ensure that nothing transpires. Scout, Jem and Dill tailed him there to ensure that nothing transpired. Out of nowhere a few vehicles pulled up at the prison. A horde escaped the vehicles and requested that Atticus move to one side so they could get at Tom. Alarmed the kids came hurrying to Atticus' side and inquired as to whether everything was alright. Atticus advised them to return home, yet they won't. Abruptly, Scout saw a man that she knew, Mr. Cunningham. She said hello there to him, twice before he recognized her. She started asking him inquiries about his entailments and discussing Walter, his child. From the outset he didn't utter a word, Scout was worried about the possibility that that she had done somethin...

Is popular culture the strongest influence on identity? Essay

Above all else, what do you believe is the substance of mainstream society? Mainstream society is the aggregated store of social items, for example, music, workmanship, writing, design, and others that are expended fundamentally by non-first class gatherings, for example, the working, lower, and white collar class individuals. What's more, that implies YES; mainstream society is firmly compelling to a youngster by reason for its extravagant and charming looks or different reasons. For what reason do you figure it would influence or can unequivocally impact some youngster or even adult’s character? Indeed, the appropriate response is straightforward, it’s dominating, and when a few things are prevalent like design or music, individuals will copy it basically on the grounds that they see other’s doing it or it is in pattern. For what reason do you think some about our comrades don't attempt to disparage a few things like style or music? For me, it’s on the grounds that they consider it to be â€Å"dated† or what we call â€Å"baduy† because of a specific thing for not being well known. In any case, in other sovereign state, when they make something, it will be viral and be sought after by different nations, and we’re one of the group. While our nation, when we explore new territory, they will censure it regardless of whether they haven’t seen it, and that sort of disposition ought to be removed by our kindred decent resident. We can obstruct this sort of attitude by belittling our own way of life, such as tuning in to OPM’s or what we call Original Pilipino Music. We can likewise advance our Filipino fashioners by sharing their plans on long range informal communication locales since we as a whole realize that these mediums are ground-breaking. Music or style ought to be supported, yet in addition our rich culture. It is our lone save that we ought to be pleased with and pass it to the cutting edge in light of the fact that that’s where we originated from. What do you think will the cutting edge be belittling in the event that we won't show the children who’s more youthful than us? Obviously, it will be mainstream society! Attempt it, attempt to tune in to OPM’s, share a plan of a not really well known architect who you know or attempt to concoct new yet seemingly insignificant details that you can do. By doing those sort of things, we can help regardless of whether it’s a little thing. You don’t must be lavish just to help. We can change this while it very well may be prevented.

Leadership and Ivy League Admission

Leadership and Ivy League Admission January 22 See any students reading under trees in this photo of the Dartmouth campus? Leadership and Ivy League admission often go hand in hand. Its true. Theres a terrific editorial in The Atlantic entitled Why Are American Colleges Obsessed With Leadership written by Tara Isabella Burton that we thought wed bring to the attention of our readers. The tagline of the article is: Whats wrong with being a follower? Or a lone wolf? Fair point. But were already a bit confused. After all, many leaders are lone wolves. When Billy Beane changed the game of baseball forever by using sabermetrics to optimize his Oakland As roster, he was, in many ways, a lone wolf. Sure, there were a couple of guys who also advocated a Moneyball philosophy in managing a baseball roster, but Beane was the first to go through with it. He was a leader. He was a lone wolf. Anyhow, Burton argues in her piece that the highly selective colleges all seem to want students who are going to be leaders so that they can go out and change the world. She questions why they dont want students who like to learn for learnings sake not necessarily to change the world. We ask why do the two have to be mutually exclusive? Thats the point Burton seems to miss in her otherwise very well written editorial on the admissions process as it pertains to leadership at highly selective colleges across America. Several years ago, a late former president of Dartmouth College, James O. Freedman, sought to create at Dartmouth a haven for intellectuals. He wanted to admit high school students who enjoyed reading under a tree rather than, say, socializing with others in fraternity basements. He was a rather unpopular president (he was a leader as well as a lone wolf in fact!) and Dartmouth quickly reversed course after his presidency. Freedman failed to recognize the character of the institution he was leading. He also failed to recognize that the same kid who socializes in fraternity basements might also enjoy reading under a tree. But whats wrong with exclusively seeking out students who want to change the world, who want to lead their corner of the world? Thats what college admissions officers at highly selective colleges should be doing! These same future leaders of the world often also enjoy learning for learnings sake. But they are going to use their learning not just to better themselvesbut to better others. In the end, we cant help but feel that Burtons well reasoned editorial reflects a selfish worldview.

How Faith in God Came to Be - Free Essay Example

A King named Dashrat ruled, north of the Ganges River, in the city of Ayodhya. He was astute and robust, but still childless. The gods in heaven were greatly agitated by Ravan, the demon King of Lanka. The King turned to Vishnu for aid. King Dasharatha begs to Vishnu, â€Å"Please my lord we need you to incarnate in order to defeat Ravana.† Lord Vishnu knowing the trouble that Ravan has caused, agreed, â€Å"I shall incarnate as one of your sons† Lord Vishnu is the third god to be created in Hinduism and is depicted as having dark blue skin and having four arms. King Dasharatha’s three wives bore four boys: Bharat, Lakshman, Shatrughn, and Ram (in whom Vishnu had incarnated himself). Ram the eldest, of the four princes, was his father’s favorite. Lakshman, since he was a child, was keenly dedicated to his elder brother. He was Ram’s second hand and accomplished all his desires even before they were told. They were trained in all the special arts, as the four princes grew up, and Ram excelled at everything. Janak, one of the king’s advisors, the father of beautiful Sita, was thinking of whom Sita should marry. Janak had announced, â€Å"May the mightiest warrior who can lift this bow can marry my daughter Sita.† (RamRam) Several princes and warriors had tried, almost inconceivably capable to even move it, but when Ram’s chance arrived, his constricted grip snapped the bow in two. Strikingly astonished he gave him his consent to marry his daughter. Dasharath was mind blown, and so the marriage of Ram and Sita was lavishly celebrated. (RamRam) And so Ram lived blissfully with his beloved wife Sita in Ayodhya. Dasharath sensed old age inevitable, so he decided with his advisors to appoint his prized son Ram as King of Ayodhya. (RamRam) When the crippled Queen Kaikeyi had heard of this, she thought to make her own son Bharat to the throne, in place of Ram. The king had gifted her two wishes in the past, when she saved his life, which she had not used yet. Kaikeyi selfishly requests, â€Å" I want Ram banished for seven years and appoint my son Bharat as the King of Ayodhya.† The King was tortured by grief and regret, but when Rama found out, he fragrantly accepted his banishment, so that his father won’t be seen as dishonest and cowardly. (RamaRama) In sorrows, his mother and Lakshman tried to talk him out of it, but he insisted, â€Å"It’s my highest duty to help my father to keep his word.† He informed Sita of his decision, telling her, â€Å"I need you to be kind to Bharat, to live piously and chastely in Ayodhya, and to serve his father and his mothers obediently.† (RamRam) But Sita answered him in an ardent speech on the duties of a woman, enforcing that, â€Å"As a wife, nothing could prevent me from following my husband into exile in the wilderness.† And so, stripped of all the royalty, clothed only in orange silk, the three went off into the wilderness while all of Ayodhya mourned. (RamRam) Bharat the new king, vigorously refuses, that the throne belongs by law to Ram. He vowed that he will stay outside the kingdom stripped of royalty and will rule living in a hut outside the kingdom. Bharat is so devoted to Ram he will live in exile until Ram returns to his righteous position. (RamRam) Meanwhile, Ram, camping in the Chitrakuta hills, is just describing, the beauties of the landscape to Sita. Lakshman spots King Bharat drawing near climbing down from the hill. He throws himself at Ram’s feet and the brothers greet each other. (RamRam) Now Bharat, with tears streaming down his face, reports to Ram the death of his father, and begs him, â€Å" We need you to return and begin your dynasty.† Ram sorely says, â€Å"I could not return to Ayodhya; but that which my father had commanded, I will never depart from my decision to spend seven years in exile.† (RamRam) Ram embraces his weeping brother with an eloquent speech on the inevitability of death, which makes every weep seem unnecessary. (RamRam) Ram gives him his sandals as a symbo l of sovereignty, and Bharat returns to Ayodhya, where Rama’s sandals are solemnly placed on the throne as the representatives of the king. (RamaRama) The exiles had been living in the Dandaka Forest for two years now and the forest hermits living there asked Ram for protection against the demons. Ram promises this protection, and from that time is incessantly engaged in battles against these monsters. The man-eating giant is the first to be killed. This hideous ogre falls in love with Ram and makes amorous proposals to him. Full of rage, she is about to swallow Sita, when Lakshman cuts off her ears and nose. She flees howling to her brother, marches against Rama with 1,000 demons. Ram slays them all with the help of Laksman. (RamRam) The ogre flees to Lanka, a fabulous land beyond the ocean, and incites her frightful brother Ravan to avenge her. At the same time, she describes to him the beauty of Sita in exquisite terms and incites him to gain possession of her and to make her his wife. Propelled by lust and anger, Ravan races off through the air in his golden chariot, across the ocean to where Sita lives. Though Mareecha is a demon, hes trying to live a virtuous life. Ravan threatens Mareech, and Mareech agrees to help abduct Sita. Mareech turns himself into a golden deer and walks near Rams residence. Sita sees the deer and asks Ram to capture it for her as a pet. Ram agrees an d goes to chase the deer, leaving Lakshman to guard Sita. Ram chases the deer for miles before he realizes its a trap. He shoots the deer, but with his dying breath, Mareech impersonates Rama and cries for help from Sita and Lakshana. Sita hears the cry and convinces Lakshman to go help Ram. When Lakshman is gone, Ravan disguises himself as a Brahmin and approaches Sita. Eventually, Ravan is unable to maintain his disguise, and he transforms into his demonic form. Sita cries for help, but Ravan flies away with his golden chariot and carries Sita away. Jatayu, the wise raven, attempts to save Sita, but Ravan chops off his wing. (RamRam) Ram and Lakshman find Jatayu and he relates to them what happened, but dies before he can tell them where Ravan was going with Sita. And the sun itself grew pale, its radiance dimmed, at the sight of Sita being carried away as if lamenting: â€Å"There is no more justice, no truth, no righteousness, no innocence if Ravan steals Sita, the wife of Ram.† (RamRam) But Ravan carried her off across the ocean to Lanka, where he shut her in his harem. Then he conducts her round his palace, shows her all its splendors and describes to her the immeasurable riches and marvels over which the rules. With coaxing words he tried to persuade her to become his wife. But Sita answered indignantly that she would never break faith with Ram by allowing him to embrace her. Enraged, Ravan warned that, if she does not yield herself to him within twelve months, he would enjoy her in another fashion: he would have her cut in pieces by his cooks and he would eat her for breakfast. Then he imprisoned her in a grotto and left her under the strict guard of the ogresses. (RamRam) Meanwhile, Ram and Lakshman returned to find their hut empty. In vain they seek Sita in the forest. In horror, Ram raises a bitter lament, searching vainly in the forest for Sita. He questions the trees, the rivers, the hills, and the animals, but none can give him news of Sita. At last, they find the flowers and ornaments that fell from Sita as she passed; then they come upon the ruins of Ravan’s chariot, his weapons, and the signs of a struggle. Rama fears that Sita has been killed, and in his delirium, he declares his intention of destroying the whole world: He will fill the air with his arrows, stay the wind in its course, annihilate the sun’s rays and envelop the earth in darkness, hurl down the summits of the mountains, dry up the lakes, destroy the ocean, uproot the trees, even destroy the gods themselves if they do not give him back his Sita. At last, Lakshman is able to calm his raving and to continue the search. (RamRam) He hears the lightning rumble to seek help from Sugriv, the monkey. Through their travailing journey through the spring forests, they find Sugriv’s Kingdom. Sugriv is consecrated as king. Among the counselors of Sugriv, Hanuman, the son of the wind-god, and the wisest. Sugriv has the greatest confidence in him and commissions him to find Sita. Accompanied by a army of monkeys, the resourceful Hanuman sets out toward the south. (RamRam) After many adventures, they meet Sampati, a brother of the vulture Jatayus, who tells them, â€Å"I had flown in a race with my brother, and had scorched my wings.† Since then, â€Å"I had been lying helpless in the Vindhya hills, but I have seen Ravan carrying Sita away to Lanka.† He described to them where the Lanka was located, and the monkeys set out for the coast. But when they saw the limitless, billowing sea before them, they despaired of getting across it. (RamRam) After much discussion, it is decided that no one can jump so far as Hanuman can. He then climbs to the top of Mount Mahendra and prepares to leap across the ocean. With a mighty leap, which caused Mahendra Hill to tremble in its depths and terrified all the creatures living on its slopes, the monkey Hanuman rose into the air and flew across the ocean. After a flight of four days, he finally reached Lanka. Fro m a hill, he surveyed the town, which seemed to him impenetrable. He made himself as small as a mouse, and after sunset, crept into the town. He examined the whole city, the palace of Ravan, on which the demon-king used to glide through the air. He also penetrated into Ravan’s harem, where he saw the king reposing in the midst of his beautiful women. After a long search, he, at last, found Sita, wasted by grief, in a tree grove. He makes himself known as a friend and messenger of Ram. (RamRam) She warned him that, â€Å"Ravan has threatened to devour her after two months, and that she will die if Ram does not rescue her before then.† Hanuman assures her that Ram will certainly save her. Then he returns to the hill, flies back across the ocean and recounts everything to the monkeys awaiting him there. Finally, he returns to Ram, bringing him the news and a message from his beloved. Ram praises Hanuman for his success and embraces him, but he despairs of getting across the ocean. Sugriv suggests constructing a bridge to Lanka. Hanuman gives an exact description of Ravan’s palace and its fortification and declares that the best of the monkey-warriors would be able to take it. So Ram commands that the army shall be prepared for the march, and soon the vast army sets out southwards towards the coast. When the news of the approaching army of monkeys had reached Lanka, Ravan summoned his counselors, all great and powerful demons, to a council. Now while all the other relatives and counselors urged Ravan in boasting speeches to fight, Vibhishan, Ravan’s brother, points to unfavorable omens and advises him to return Sita. Ravan is much enraged at this, and accuses him of envy and ill-will; relatives, he says, â€Å"Are always the worst enemies of a king, and hero.† Feeling deeply offended by his brother, Vibhishan renounces him, flies across the ocean with four other demons and allies himself with Ram. On the advice of Vibhishan, Rama appeals to the Ocean-god himself to aid him in crossing th e sea. The latter calls the monkey Nala, the son of the divine master builder Vishvakarman, and instructs him to bridge the ocean. At Ram’s command, the monkeys bring rocks and trees. In a few days, a bridge is built over the ocean, and the whole of the great army passes over to Lanka. Now Ravan’s town is surrounded by the army of monkeys. Ravan gives the command for a general sortie. A battle takes place, also many cases of single combat between the chief heroes of the two fighting armies. Lakshman, Hanuman, and the bear-king Jambavan are the most prominent fellow combatants of Ram. While on Ravan’s side, his son Indrajit is the most conspicuous. The latter is versed in all magic arts and knows how to make himself invisible at moment. The battle horn blows and the war begins. Indrajit inflicts dangerous wounds on Ram and Lakshman. But in the night, on the advice of the bear-king Jambavan, the monkey Hanuman flies to Mount Kailasa, in order to fetch four particularly po werful healing herbs. As these herbs are concealed, the monkey simply takes the whole mountain-peak with him and carries it to the battle-field, where, through the fragrance of the healing herbs, Ram, Lakshman and all the wounded are immediately healed. Then Hanuman puts the mountain back into its place. On another occasion, Indrajit, versed in magic, comes out of the city carrying, on his war-chariot a magically produced image of Sita, which he ill-treats and beheads before the eyes of Hanuman, Lakshman, and the monkeys. Horrified, Hanuman reports to Rama that Sita is killed; Rama falls into a swoon. Lakshman breaks into lamentations and utters a blasphemous speech with bitter complaints against a fate that has no regard to virtue but be is soon enlightened by Vibhishan that the whole affair is only a delusion produced by Indrajit. Finally, Indrajit is killed by Lakshmana after a violent duel. Furious at the death of his son, Ravan himself now appears on the field of battle. A dreadful duel between Ram a nd Ravan takes place, continuing day and night. The gods themselves come to Ram’s aid, especially Indra with his chariot and his projectiles strikes aggressively. But every time Rama strikes off one of Ravana’s heads, a new head grows again. At last, Vibishan tells him Ravan’s weak spot, he succeeds in piercing Ravana’s belly button with a weapon created by the god Brahma himself. There is great rejoicing in the army of the monkeys, and wild flight of the demons. Vibhishana is installed as King of the Lanka by Rama. Only now does Rama send for Sita, and proclaim to her the joyous news of the victory — but then, in the presence of all the monkeys and gods, he rejects her. He doubts that Sita had grown over the years to love Ravan. Then Sita raises a bitter complaint against Ram’s unjust suspicions and asks Lakshman to erect a pyre: for now nothing remained for her but to enter the fire. Ram gives his consent, the pyre is erected and lighted, and Sita, invoking Agni, the fire god, as a witne ss of her innocence, rushes into the flames. Then Agni arises out of the burning pyre with the uninjured Sita and delivers her to Ram, assuring him, in a solemn speech, that she has always kept her faith with him, and even in the palace of the demons remained pure and innocent. Thereupon Ram declares that he himself had never had any doubts concerning Sita’s innocence, but that it was necessary to prove it before the eyes of the people. Now Ram and his people, accompanied by Hanuman and the monkeys, return to Ayodhya, where they are received with open arms by Bharat, Shatrughna, and the mothers. They enter amidst the rejoicing of the populace. Rama is consecrated as king and rules contently and for the welfare of his subject for many years.

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